Carving in classical furniture is the art of carving and decorating wooden furniture objects with sharp hand tools. As one of the most common decorative methods of redwood furniture, it is required that the engraver, in the process of dealing with images and spaces, gradually reveal the body excavation by cutting from the outside to the inside, step by step minus the waste.
Mature carving not only requires the craftsman to have a certain wrist strength, but also requires a certain degree of painting skills, such as the use of pen, all kinds of knife methods to use freely, it is possible to feel the furniture in such a subtracting modeling process, feel the furniture in the artisans a shovel of ghost work, put on new makeup, was given new vitality and charm.
Exquisite carving, as the main decorative method of furniture, contains infinite aesthetic implication, and its aesthetic value goes far beyond the external value of furniture itself, which is a treasure of classical art. Common carving techniques include embossed, permeable, round, integrated carving and so on.
Main carving techniques:
Flat knife block face method, round knife carving method, relief, shallow carving, yin carving, permeable carving, hollow carving, through carving, three-dimensional round carving
1, through the air double-sided carving:
Breathable double-sided carving is to use a pattern, both sides of the front and back carving, both sides can enjoy the same pattern, novel and lovely, similar to Suzhou double-sided embroidery. There is also a kind of can be carved on a flower board, front and back two sides of different patterns, different subject matter, which requires artisans have superb wisdom and clever ideas. Hollow double-sided carvings are mostly constructed on two sides of the file board, door and window panels, partition fans, hangers and other furniture that can be appreciated on both sides. There are generally two types: one is the same pattern, but one is the same; This air-permeable double-sided sculpture has a high artistic appreciation value, even if the whole piece of furniture is scattered, its carving board can be treasured as a separate work of art.
2, embossed:
Embossing is the image of the pattern to be displayed on the wood, carving techniques belong to the “yangwen”. It operates on the same principle as “Ju Wen-in” in engraving art. The difference is that engraving is a single line, while reliefs should be layered, as far as possible to show the decorative theme of the three-dimensional sense.
Embossing is a kind of relief performance on the plane, divided into shallow relief and high relief two forms, such as the expression of the object’s compressed body shape bump less than one half of the round sculpture is called shallow relief. It is close to painting, the lines are smooth, there is a light, elegant artistic effect. And so on, such as the compressed body shape of the performance object bump more than one-half of the round sculpture, is called a high relief. It is close to sculpture, the picture composition is full, well-built, detailed, delicate and clear. The decorative effect of the relief. To some extent, it is better than any other form of wood carving. Especially deep relief, can show complex and vivid scenes, with poetic, fascinating.
3, flat knife block face method:
Mainly in the chisel with a flat knife large block of cutting out the outline and structural parts of the work, so that it produces a strong sense of sharp axe cutting, so the knife must be stable, accurate, hard, knife match, cool not greasy. The application process of flat block face method is actually a simple abstract geometry to summarize the shape of various complex forms, this process can be each shape, each bone road, muscle reduced into large and small squares, rectangles, trapezoids, diamonds. Flat block face method can be combined with some round knife throughout the whole process of carving to form the final artistic effect, can also only be used in the initial stage of carving for large-shaped treatment, and then use other knife method from square to round more rich and delicate portrayal.
4, shallow carving:
Light carvings are best found on large areas of plate. In the “Thirty-Six Pavilion” in the Humble Political Park, the flower window skirts with the screen of the hall have light carved orchids, bamboo, stone, Bogu and other patterns, which have a sense of quietness and elegance, which is pleasant.
5, round knife carving method:
Because the round knife method is not sure, carved out of the shape outline is more vague, the resulting bump and feel is relatively clear, so it is very suitable to explore the performance of various objects texture and texture effect, as the relief of the bottom surface treatment, commonly known as “hemp bottom”, is also an excellent performance of the role of the role of the performance. Round knife carving method is large and small irregular bumps to form a volume, and on the surface to create a natural, thick, unpretential beauty. If combined with a flat knife, on the one hand, smooth and delicate, such as human skin, on the other hand, rough hair, such as human hair, clothing, etc. , then the two will form a strong texture contrast, so that the works produce rich and interesting expression.
6, through carving:
The general sculpture is a technique developed on the basis of the tradition of relief and engraving. The picture can be multi-layered, overlapping, so the content of the through carving has a great degree of accommodation and high expressiveness. It is a kind of wood carving art form which is widely used in ancient architecture. Such as doors and windows, hall partition fan skirts, ceilings and beams, etc. , the general use of embossed technology. Simple shape carved with ancient elegant pattern patterns, lifelike artistic image, giving people a pleasing enjoyment.
7, through carving:
Permeable carving is a technique for hollowing out the bottom of a flower plate, which usually only carves the outer surface of the object. The permeable carving is deeply influenced by the architectural wood carving, because the carving hollows out the base, can produce a kind of vision through the woody feeling, with the spirit of relief. The pure sense of the cross-carving is completely made with a bow, in the furniture often with rough decoration treatment. Ming-style chair tools, back-to-back chair board often out of various shapes of light transmission, in the beam to show change, but also a simple subjective pursuit.
Sculpture creuse et creuse:
La sculpture creuse consiste à couper le motif avec une lame de scie à fil, et la sculpture creuse consiste à creuser des trous avec des outils tels que des ciseaux. La sculpture Kaikong a des caractéristiques artistiques telles qu’une vue exquise et transparente et dégagée. En raison de la restriction de l’espace creux, les motifs sculptés par l’espace creux doivent être soigneusement réalisés pour le rendre riche en motifs. Les vitres, balustrades, filets suspendus, capots volants, etc. des bâtiments anciens sont décorés de sculptures creuses, qui peuvent montrer l’effet artistique d’anciens maladroits, exquis, silencieux et élégants. La plupart des bâtiments anciens de notre pays sont décorés avec des sculptures creuses et creuses, qui ont un style artistique typique. Par exemple, le “Sanyou Xuan” dans le jardin Qianlong à Pékin a de belles sculptures dans le Xuan. Il y a de grandes fenêtres carrées sur le mur ouest de la montagne. Le bois de santal rouge est utilisé pour les ajourés de pin, de bambou et de prune comme vitres. Artisanat de sculpture sur bois.
La sculpture creuse dans la décoration de sculpture sur bois des bâtiments anciens a un effet artistique unique. La sculpture creuse et la sculpture en relief sont également appelées sculpture ajourée et creuse (le creux est sculpté au ciseau). C’est une forme unique d’art de la sculpture sur bois. Généralement, il est formé par une série d’opérations telles que l’étirage, le creusage, le burinage de l’ébauche brute, le rognage et le mouillage fin. Parce qu’il a une cavité relativement symétrique, il peut inciter les gens à regarder les motifs sculptés de manière accrocheuse. La ligne de mire n’est pas obstruée, exquise et transparente, avec un style de sculpture artistique fort, qui est extrêmement décoratif.
Concours de savoir-faire, onze techniques de sculpture de meubles en acajou
9, three-dimensional round carving:
Three-dimensional round carving to round carving and through carving techniques, usually in some pavilions carved some flower baskets, hanging lions and other subjects. Such as Jiangsu Yangzhou Pingshan Hall in the “West Garden”, in the “fifth spring of the world” next to a pavilion, each corner of the eaves carved under a three-dimensional flower basket. Although the workmanship of this three-dimensional flower basket is not fine, the beauty of the shape is beyond reproach. Although the most suitable performance of three-dimensional round carving is dedicated to the appreciation of small pieces of decorative crafts, but large-scale ancient buildings, especially the emperor’s palace, decorated with three-dimensional round carving parts are still quite a lot. Such as the Beijing Palace Museum of architectural wood carving decoration, some vivid images of wood carving golden dragon, phoenix, etc. , is the use of three-dimensional round carving to show.
10, round carving:
Round carving is a kind of completely three-dimensional carving, front, back, left and right sides should be carved out of the specific image. It is actually a kind of sculpture art with three – dimensional spatial art. Its form changes with the sight of the view, each angle has a perfect sense of form. The content of the works is mainly based on characters, animals, plants, themes to auspicious mainly for people to appreciate for the purpose. It is only used in parts of furniture, such as ends, legs and feet, columns, etc. Wide-style furniture is the most common, is one of the main features of wood carving in the Qing Dynasty.
11, yin carving:
Yin carving is also known as “sinking”. It refers to a technique of carving down a recess. It’s the opposite of embossed. This carving technique is often to be painted after the object construction, so that the carved objects can produce a paint color and wood color contrast larger, similar to the artistic effect of Chinese painting, rich in meaning. This technique is mainly carved in lacquer furniture, but also is a common method of lacquer furniture.
The so-called technique is the author’s treatment of image and space in wood carving creation. This technique is mainly reflected in the reduction of the sense of carving and engraving, to be precise, is from the outside inward, step by step by subtract waste, step by step to the shape of the excavation appear. The beautiful knife method is formed because the technology achieves the pure performance. Often people in Linyi a good painting, feel the most difficult than stroke, because stroke is the author’s mind and skills of the product, knife method is also the same, is any imitation is difficult to reflect things. Therefore, only master the skills and constantly accumulate experience, in order to achieve the ideal truly belong to their own knife method. That kind of wood and carving marks, smooth and rough, concave and convex, round knife arrangement, flat cut … The artistic language they represent is unmassable to sculptures of other materials.
